James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)

[➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone]

Astronomers spot giant hidden 'bridge' 

& Record-breaking tail between 2 dwarf galaxies

By Harry Baker published 2 days ago

 

Researchers discovered a hidden 185,000 light-year "bridge" of gas between two distant galaxies, which are also trailed by a 1.6 million light-year galactic tail — the largest of its kind ever seen.

 

The dwarf galaxy duo, NGC 4532 and DDO 137, is located approximately 53 million light-years from Earth, right on the edge of the Virgo cluster of more than 1,000 galaxies. The pair is similar to the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) — adjacent dwarf galaxies that closely orbit the Milky Way — but they are not bound to any single entity. Instead, they appear to be slowly falling into the Virgo cluster.

 

The mini galaxies were spotted by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope in Australia, during the Widefield ASKAP L-band Legacy All-sky Blind Survey (WALLABY), which has been scanning the Southern Hemisphere's sky since 2022.

 

Article link:

https://www.livescience.com/space/astronomy/astronomers-spot-giant-hidden-bridge-and-record-breaking-tail-between-2-dwarf-galaxies

 

Pic Description: 

Researchers have uncovered a hidden bridge of gas, spanning more than 185,000 light-years, in between the dwarf galaxies NGC 4532 and DDO 137, which are located roughly 53 million light-years from Earth. Image credit: ICRAR and D.Lang (Perimeter Institute)

[➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone]

Astronomers Heard the 7-Hour Death Rattle of a Star Being Eaten Alive

By Cassidy Ward 22 Oct, 2025, 3:10pm

 

How a black hole eating a star created the longest gamma-ray burst ever detected.

 

In the 1960s, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union signed a treaty banning nuclear weapons tests inside Earth’s atmosphere. Shortly thereafter, the U.S. Air Force launched the Vela satellites, 12 surveillance devices parked in Earth orbit. Their job was to look for gamma rays produced by the now-banned weapons tests.

 

Over the next several years, the satellites picked up 16 intense flashes of gamma radiation, but they weren’t coming from Earth. By 1973, astronomers had learned enough about these mysterious outbursts to publish the results. What became known as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most energetic and explosive events in the universe...

 

This particular cosmic explosion, detected July 2, 2025 by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and dubbed GRB 250702B, released a boat load of energy, enough that it should have been a rapid burst. Instead, it stretched on for a record-breaking seven hours. It beat the previous record by nearly three hours and had energy levels significantly higher than typical GRBs

 

Article link:

https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/how-a-black-hole-eating-a-star-caused-longest-gamma-ray-burst-ever#amp_tf=From %1%24s&aoh=17614725721002&csi=0&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syfy.com%2Fsyfy-wire%2Fhow-a-black-hole-eating-a-star-caused-longest-gamma-ray-burst-ever

 

Pic Description: 

A disk of hot gas swirls around a black hole in this illustration. The stream of gas stretching to the right is what remains of a star that was pulled apart by the black hole. A cloud of hot plasma (gas atoms with their electrons stripped away) above the black hole is known as a corona.

Bottom pic illustrates Gamma Ray burst.

 

Edited October 26 by ➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone

[➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone]

Incredible new image of Milky Way galaxy from Australia hailed as 'milestone'

By Michael Dahlstrom, 29 October 2025, 9:00am

It's the largest low-frequency radio colour visualisation of the Milky Way in existence.

 

After dedicating 18 months and 1 million computer processing hours (CPU) to create a single image, astronomers in Australia have released a new expansive view of our galaxy from the Southern Hemisphere.

 

In 2019, the same outback telescope, the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), was used to create a survey of the Milky Way. But the new image has twice the resolution, 10 times the sensitivity and covers twice the area as the previous attempt.

 

It’s now the largest low-frequency radio colour visualisation of the Milky Way ever created. The vivid image shows us how the galaxy would appear if we could see in radio waves, rather than light waves.

 

Article link:

https://au.news.yahoo.com/incredible-new-image-of-milky-way-galaxy-from-australia-hailed-as-milestone-220026519.html

 

Pic Description (See article for full image):

This image compares the GLEAM X image created using radio light, with the same view of visible light.

[Dustparticle]

It is getting much closer to the Big Bang. Soon or already they found galaxies formed before the Big-Bang.

 

https://www.livescience.com/space/cosmology/puzzling-object-discovered-by-james-webb-telescope-may-be-the-earliest-known-galaxy-in-the-universe

[Julsey]

I don’t know. I think I like the old image better!

[➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone]

'Coast' Through the Cosmos with Webb at Dulles International Airport

06 November 2025 10:00am Release ID: 2025-403

 

Summary

Whether you are flying to another city or arriving home, a can’t-miss exhibit near Washington, D.C., will put you in a state of awe — and inspire you to learn more about the universe.

 

Want to unwind while you are traveling to or from Dulles International Airport in Virginia? Prepare to be transported, both literally and figuratively, as you walk down the hall that connects the Metro stop and Parking Garage 1 to the main terminal, where almost 40 large-scale images from the James Webb Space Telescope are now on display. The telescope’s vivid infrared light images show expansive scenes of our universe, from galaxies and star-forming regions to dying stars and distant planets.

 

In the same hall, you will also find over 30 equally immersive images from the Hubble Space Telescope — and yes, we recommend taking in both. These exhibits, developed by the Office of Public Outreach at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, show the breadth and depth of Webb’s scientific discoveries since its full science operations began in July 2022. The long-term exhibits will be up until at least the end of this decade, so make a mental note to "walk through space" when you’re on site.

 

[ED Sounds like fun... but I'm sure I would miss my next flight] 

 

Article link: 

https://www.stsci.edu/contents/news-releases/2025/news-2025-403.html?utm_source=stsci&utm_campaign=inbox_astronomy&utm_id=2025-403

 

Video:

https://stsci-opo.org/STScI-01K9AHGCWJW7P3D74A5GAQF744.mp4

 

Edited November 6 by ➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone

[➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone]

 

New high-res black hole images challenge Einstein’s theory of relativity

New simulations show how sharper black hole images could reveal whether gravity follows Einstein’s theory or something new.

By Joseph Shavit Published Nov 7, 2025 4:07pm

 

A black hole can feel like the most distant and unreal object you could ever think about, yet the way its darkness bends light may one day speak directly to the deepest parts of physics.

 

If you have ever looked at the famous images of the giant object in galaxy M87 or the one at the center of the Milky Way, you have already seen what scientists call a black hole shadow. Those glowing rings of hot gas circle an empty space where light vanishes forever. They carry signals that may help settle what gravity really is and whether the universe follows Einstein’s rules or something even stranger.

 

How Scientists Compare Black Hole Shadows

A team of researchers from Frankfurt and the Tsung-Dao Lee Institute in Shanghai tested what would happen if gravity worked differently than Einstein predicted. They ran detailed three-dimensional computer simulations showing how plasma and magnetic fields behave around many types of hypothetical black holes. They then traced how light would travel out of this violent region and built synthetic images based on each gravity model.

 

Article link: 

https://www.thebrighterside.news/post/new-high-res-black-hole-images-challenge-einsteins-theory-of-relativity/

 

Pic [1] Description: 

A new study shows how future high-resolution black hole images could test gravity at its limits and reveal whether Einstein’s theory still holds.

 

Pic [2] Alternative:

At the current resolution of telescopes, black holes predicted by different theories of gravity still look very similar. Future telescopes will make the differences more visible, making it possible to distinguish Einstein’s black holes from others. (CREDIT: L. Rezzolla/Goethe-Universität)

 

Pic [3] Shadows

Time-averaged (t = 8,000–10,000 M) intensity images at 230 GHz of accretion flows onto a Kerr BH (first (left-hand) column) and onto three representative Kerr BHs (second to fourth columns). (CREDIT: Nature Astronomy)

 

 

[Dustparticle]

 

 We must not forget, what Einstein propose is theories and not facts. Jehovah is throwing a wrench of what we thought  a theories. We have forever to learn about his powers. 

[Julsey]

I hope his theory of relativity can be overturned. I would like to be able to travel through space faster than the speed of light. 

[➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone]

Human understanding and wisdom is very limited.

And the 'spirit realm' is not bound by the rules of our physical universe.

They are not bound by our speed limitations. 

 

Edited November 11 by ➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone

[Michał]

10 hours ago, Dustparticle said:

 

 We must not forget, what Einstein propose is theories and not facts. Jehovah is throwing a wrench of what we thought  a theories. We have forever to learn about his powers. 

Which have been proved right quite often

[➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone]

 

'Seven Sisters' Pleiades star cluster has thousands of stellar 'siblings', telescopes reveal

By Jacinta Bowler & Peter de Kruijff ABC (Aust) Science 14h ago

 

Summary:

A new study has uncovered more than 3,000 stars that researchers say are part of the larger Pleiades cluster.

 

The researchers are using the same method to look at other nearby stars to see if they can discover other similarly large clusters.

 

The Pleiades, or Seven Sisters star cluster, is one of the most iconic features in the night sky.

 

From Article:

While the cluster contains six to seven bright blue stars that can be seen by the naked eye, it's actually surrounded by a huge, hidden stellar family.

 

That's according to new research out of the US, which used data from two large telescopes to find thousands of "siblings" of the Sisters.

 

The study, which was published in The Astrophysical Journal, means the cluster is 20 times larger than previously thought... "The Pleiades is one of, if not the most, well-studied group of stars that exists," Mr Boyle said. "[But] because the Pleiades is surrounded by thousands of unrelated stars, it's difficult to isolate true cluster members using position and motion alone."

 

So instead, the team combined data from two space telescopes — the European Space Agency's GAIA telescope with NASA's TESS telescope — to look at the Pleiades cluster and surrounding stars in more detail.

 

The researchers discovered 3,091 stars that fit the bill, spread across the sky, and termed this larger group the "Greater Pleiades Complex". "It covers the whole sky … you can see it spread across from the horizon to horizon," Professor Bedding said.

 

Full Article: 

https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2025-11-12/pleiades-seven-sisters-star-cluster-telescopes-astronomy/105993350

 

[ED: Quotable Quote: "It shows that, once again, things are more complicated than we thought." aka 'theories' being refined]

 

Pic [1] Description: 

The bright stars of the Pleiades star cluster (as they appear in the Southern Hemisphere) can be seen in the night sky around the world. (Supplied: NASA, ESA and AURA/Caltech)

 

Pic [2] Description:

The Pleiades cluster is known as "Subaru" in Japanese. (Wikimedia Commons: The Pleiades Star Cluster/Stephen Rahn/Public Domain)

 

Pic [3] Description:

The Seven Sisters cluster is shown in green [near the bottom quarter], with the Greater Pleiades Complex shown in white. (Supplied: Andrew Boyle/University of North Carolina)

 

[➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone]

Researchers Submit Record Number of Ambitious Proposals for Webb's Fifth Year of Science

November 12, 2025 10:00am Release ID: 2025-405

 

Summary

Distant galaxies, stars and stellar populations are among most popular science categories.

 

As the Science Operations Center for NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, the Space Telescope Science Institute is responsible for a multitude of activities to maximize the scientific output of the telescope. This includes coordinating the yearly call for proposals from astronomers worldwide who hope to use precious time on the telescope to carry out their scientific program of interest.

 

For Webb’s fifth cycle, which begins in July 2026, STScI received a record-breaking number of proposals spanning across nearly all areas of astrophysics. There’s more behind the number, though. The types of requests show astronomers are ready to answer even bolder scientific questions with the world’s premier space observatory.

 

Read more:

https://www.stsci.edu/contents/news-releases/2025/news-2025-405.html

 

[ED: To quote previous post: "It shows that, once again, things are more complicated than we thought." aka 'theories' being refined]

 

Pic Descriptions:

* This artist’s illustration displays some of the most recognizable of Webb’s images and spectra over its more than four years of science operations.

 

* The proposals for the fifth cycle of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s science operations span everything from exoplanets and the solar system to the farthest galaxies and the dawn of the universe, showing just how widely Webb inspires the scientific community. Distant galaxies, stars and stellar populations, and exoplanet atmospheres are among the top science categories among proposals.

[➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone]

 

The Impossible Black Holes That Shouldn't Exist

By Mark Thompson - November 11, 2025 11:48pm

 

In 2023, gravitational wave detectors picked up the signature of a collision 7 billion light years away. Two black holes had merged in an explosion of warped space-time, but when astronomers analysed the data, they found something that violated the rules of physics. The black holes were spinning faster than any previously observed and fell within a mass range where black holes simply aren't supposed to exist.

 

When massive stars reach the end of their lives, many collapse and explode as supernovae, leaving behind black holes. But stars within a specific mass range, roughly 70 to 140 times the Sun's mass, meet a different fate. They undergo pair instability supernovae, explosions so violent that the star is completely annihilated, leaving absolutely nothing behind. No remnant. No black hole. Just empty space.

 

The collision known as GW231123 defied this fundamental rule. Both black holes had masses that placed them squarely in this forbidden zone, and they were spinning at nearly the speed of light, dragging space-time around them like whirlpools. Previous theories suggested these could be second generation black holes formed from earlier mergers, but that process typically scrambles the spin. Finding two such massive, fast spinning black holes colliding seemed improbable.

 

Original article:

https://www.universetoday.com/articles/the-impossible-black-holes-that-shouldnt-exist

 

Magnetic Fields Could Explain 'Impossible' Black Hole Merger

By Mark Thompson, Universe Today 14 November 2025

 

In 2023, gravitational wave detectors picked up the signature of a collision 7 billion light-years away. Two black holes had merged in an explosion of warped spacetime, but when astronomers analyzed the data, they found something that violated the rules of physics.

 

The black holes were spinning faster than any previously observed and fell within a mass range where black holes simply aren't supposed to exist.

 

When massive stars reach the end of their lives, many collapse and explode as supernovae, leaving behind black holes. But stars within a specific mass range, roughly 70 to 140 times the Sun's mass, meet a different fate.

 

They undergo pair instability supernovae, explosions so violent that the star is completely annihilated, leaving absolutely nothing behind. No remnant. No black hole. Just empty space.

 

The collision known as GW231123 defied this fundamental rule. Both black holes had masses that placed them squarely in this forbidden zone, and they were spinning at nearly the speed of light, dragging spacetime around them like whirlpools.

 

Article link: 

https://www.sciencealert.com/magnetic-fields-could-explain-impossible-black-hole-merger

 

[ED 2 articles loaded with more theories...]

[Julsey]

I just love it when the rules of physics are violated. Imagine the possibilities. 

[➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone]

Voyager’s next record:

NASA spacecraft will soon reach a full light-day from Earth

— a first in human history  By Greta Taubert

 

NASA’s Voyager spacecraft is on the verge of making history by becoming the first human-made object to travel a full light-day away from Earth—a distance so vast that light itself takes 24 hours to cover it. This awe-inspiring milestone, set for November 2026, reminds us just how colossal the universe truly is and how tiny our fastest spacecraft seem in comparison.

 

Launched back in 1977, Voyager 1 has journeyed nearly 16 billion miles from Earth and is still sending signals home as it ventures further into the vastness of space. Crossing the light-day mark is not just about numbers—it’s a tribute to human curiosity, endurance, and our desire to reach beyond what was once thought possible.

 

On November 15, 2026, Voyager will be 16 billion miles from Earth—matching the distance light travels in a day. By January 28, 2027, it will also reach that same light-day mark from the Sun. This isn’t just a cold statistic but a testament to how far human ingenuity and ambition can stretch. It’s inspiring to think that a tiny probe launched before the personal computer era has kept moving forward into the unknown, carrying priceless data and digital greetings into deep space.

 

https://www.leravi.org/voyagers-next-record-nasa-spacecraft-will-soon-reach-a-full-light-day-from-earth-a-first-in-human-history/

 

[ED What is mortal man?... We cannot comprehend the fringes of His ways.]

 

Pic Description: 

Voyager’s next record: NASA spacecraft will soon reach a full light-day from Earth — a first in human history.

[Thomas Walker]

The Voyager Probe is unique, in that it has passed beyond the heliosphere.

 

Being a JW means an absolute certainty that humanity will keep plodding along until eternity. That being said: If the Sun exploded tomorrow, Voyager would be the only evidence that humanity ever existed.

[➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone]

Webb witnesses a feasting supermassive black hole in the early Universe

By ESA/WEBB News - 19 November 2025

 

Summary

Researchers using the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope have confirmed an actively growing supermassive black hole within a galaxy just 570 million years after the Big Bang. Part of a class of small, very distant galaxies that have mystified astronomers, CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 represents a vital piece of this puzzle that challenges existing theories about the formation of galaxies and black holes in the early Universe. The discovery connects early black holes with the luminous quasars we observe today.

 

Full Article link:

https://esawebb.org/news/weic2522/?lang

 

Researchers using the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope have confirmed an actively growing supermassive black hole within a galaxy just 570 million years after the Big Bang. Part of a class of small, very distant galaxies that have mystified astronomers, CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 represents a vital piece of this puzzle that challenges existing theories about the formation of galaxies and black holes in the early Universe. The discovery connects early black holes with the luminous quasars we observe today.

 

Over its first three years, Webb's surveys of the early Universe have turned up an increasing number of small, extremely distant, and strikingly red objects. These so-called Little Red Dots (LRDs) remain a tantalising mystery to astronomers, despite their unexpected abundance. The discovery in CANUCS-LRD-z8.6, made possible by Webb’s exceptional capabilities, has assisted in this hunt for answers. Webb’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) enabled researchers to observe the faint light from this distant galaxy and detect key spectral features that point to the presence of an accreting black hole...

 

"This discovery is an exciting step in understanding the formation of the first supermassive black holes in the Universe,” explained Prof. Maruša Bradač, leader of the group at the University of Ljubljana, FMF. “The unexpected rapid growth of the black hole in this galaxy raises questions about the processes that allowed such massive objects to emerge so early. As we continue to analyse the data, we hope to find more galaxies like CANUCS-LRD-z8.6, which could provide us with even greater insights into the origins of black holes and galaxies."

 

 

30 sec Pan Video: 

 

 

Pic Description.[#1]: 

This image shows the location of galaxy CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 in galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5+2223, as seen by Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam). CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 is part of a class of small, very distant and strikingly red galaxies called Little Red Dots (LRDs), which have been spotted in increasing numbers by Webb’s surveys of the early Universe. It is located in the constellation Leo (the Lion), and is seen by Webb just 570 million years after the Big Bang. Image Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, G. Rihtaršič (University of Ljubljana, FMF), R. Tripodi (University of Ljubljana, FMF)

 

Pic Description [#2]:

This image shows a portion of the galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5+2223, as seen by Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam). With Webb’s excellent sensitivity to infrared light and the hours of exposure time combined in this image, distant galaxies (red colours) are brought out of the darkness. Other galaxies glow strongly from the abundance of light they radiate.

 

Edited yesterday at 07:10 PM by ➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone

[➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone]

 

Webb First to Show 4 Dust Shells 'Spiraling' Apep, Limits Long Orbit

19 November 2025 11:00am Release ID: 2025-132

 

Summary

Researchers used Webb to refine the orbit of two Wolf-Rayet stars, named for the Egyptian god of chaos, to a lengthy 190 years and confirmed a third star carves their ongoing carbon dust ejections.

 

Coiled shells sent out by two stars known as Apep, after the Egyptian god of chaos, have come into clear view: NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has shown spirals of dust that trace 700 years of activity.

 

“Webb has observed similar systems, but this shows by far the most detail,” said Yinuo Han, a lead author on a new paper and postdoctoral researcher at Caltech in Pasadena, California. “It's rare enough to see one Wolf-Rayet star, but in Apep there are two. When their stellar winds collide, they produce large amounts of carbonaceous dust over 25 years during each orbit.”

 

By combining these new mid-infrared observations with a series of images from the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (VLT), Han and his collaborators narrowed down how often the stars sail past one another — once every 190 years — and confirmed that a third star, a massive supergiant, is “slicing” holes into the dusty shells.

 

Full Article: 

https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/webb-first-to-show-4-dust-shells-spiraling-apep-limits-long-orbit/#hds-sidebar-nav-4

 

40 sec simulation: 

 

 

Pic Description: 

Webb’s mid-infrared image shows four coiled shells of dust around a pair of Wolf-Rayet stars known as Apep for the first time. Previous observations by other telescopes showed only one. Webb’s data also confirmed that there are three stars gravitationally bound to one another.

Credits: Image: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Science: Yinuo Han (Caltech), Ryan White (Macquarie University); Image Processing: Alyssa Pagan (STScI)

 

Edited yesterday at 07:35 PM by ➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone

[➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone]

NASA's Roman Could Bring New Waves of Information on Galaxy’s Stars

November 20, 2025 10:00am Release ID: 2025-204

 

Summary

It’s clear as a bell: Roman can enlighten us on the stars located in the Milky Way’s galactic bulge.

 

In musical terms, stars are like a constantly playing handbell choir. The turbulence within their interiors creates a pattern of waves — steady oscillations, like a ringing bell — which cause changes in their overall brightness. Studying these fluctuations, a method known as asteroseismology, can provide details about the stars themselves, such as their age, mass, and size.

 

Building from NASA’s now-retired Kepler space telescope’s successful asteroseismic detections, a team of researchers has recently confirmed that asteroseismology will be possible with NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Their study also explores different models to provide an estimation of the number of stars that will be detectable via this method. Their results indicate the telescope will provide the largest asteroseismic sample ever collected.

 

Article Link;

https://www.stsci.edu/contents/news-releases/2025/news-2025-204/

 

Video link:

 

 

Pic Description: 

This artist’s concept of the Sun and several red giant stars of varying radii is derived from a sonification. The sonification, which converts the waves moving inside red giant stars into sound, is based on a simulation of data Roman will collect after its launch.

 

Based on their research, the team estimates that Roman will be able to detect a total of 300,000 red giant stars. This would be the largest sample of its kind ever collected.