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World Debt Reaches Record 281 Trillion


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From https://www.quora.com/If-the-global-debt-is-currently-over-49-trillion-to-whom-do-we-owe-it-to-exactly

 

The money is owed directly and indirectly to 'savers'. Here are a few (somewhat simplified) examples:

 

Banks. Do you have cash deposited in a bank? Your banks will lend this money out to individuals, corporates and governments. Banks are generally heavy buyers of short term government bills, ie. they lend money to the US government on short term basis.

 

Funds. Have you invested your money in a bond fund or have money in a pension fund (or 401k)? Many bond funds and pension funds are heavy investors in government debt around the world (ie. lend it to different governments around the world).

 

Governments. Governments themselves are one of the largest holders of other governments' debt. For example, Japan and China are large holders of US government bonds. This is where it gets slightly complicated. A government can be both a borrower in one currency (usually its own) and saver in a different currency (usually the US dollar or Euro). A good example is Japan. Due to Japan's trade surplus, it holds a large US dollar foreign currency reserve. It will invest the US dollar in US government bonds (ie. lend it to the US government). However, Japan is a net borrower - it owes more in Yen than it has assets held in other currencies.

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