Webb glimpses doomed star before its explosion
By EarthSky Voices October 9, 2025
This marks the first time a supernovaโs source star has been identified at mid-infrared wavelengths.
The researchers said the discovery might help solve the decades-old mystery of why massive red supergiants are rarely seen to explode. Thatโs surprising, because scientistsโ models predict these kinds of stars should make up the majority of core-collapse supernovae. Thatโs when massive stars, typically over eight times more massive than our sun, explode because their iron cores can no longer hold out against the force of gravity.
The new study suggests these stars do explode, but are simply hidden out of sight within thick clouds of dust. With Webbโs new capabilities, astronomers can finally pierce through the dust to spot these phenomena, closing the gap between theory and observation.
The peer-reviewed study was published on October 8, 2025, in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
Northwesternโs Charlie Kilpatrick led the study. He explained:
"For multiple decades, we have been trying to determine exactly what the explosions of red supergiant stars look like. Only now, with [the Webb Space Telescope], do we finally have the quality of data and infrared observations that allow us to say precisely the exact type of red supergiant that exploded and what its immediate environment looked like.
Weโve been waiting for this to happen, for a supernova to explode in a galaxy that Webb had already observed.
We combined Hubble and Webb data sets to completely characterize this star for the first time."
Full Article:
https://earthsky.org/space/webb-sees-doomed-star-before-it-exploded/
Pic Description:
These images show views from the Webb and Hubble space telescopes of a red supergiant star before and after it exploded. The star is not visible in the Hubble image before the explosion, but appears in the Webb image. The July 2025 view from Hubble shows the glowing aftermath of the explosion.
The Authors:
Kilpatrick is an expert on the lives and deaths of massive stars. Heโs a research assistant professor at Northwesternโs Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA).
Another key coauthor on the paper is Aswin Suresh. He is a graduate student in physics and astronomy at Northwesternโs Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences and member of Kilpatrickโs research group.