James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)

➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone · December 11, 2024

Found: First Actively Forming Galaxy as Lightweight as Young Milky Way

11 Dec 2024 11:00am Release ID: 2024-116

Summary

This galaxy, which is stretched and magnified, glitters with 10 distinct star clusters that formed at different times.

Like fireflies “dancing” on a warm summer night, 10 distinct star clusters appear in observations from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope. They are held in a cocoon of diffuse light emitted by other stars scattered around them. This galaxy, known as Firefly Sparkle, was taking shape around 600 million years after the big bang.

Caption

For the first time, astronomers have identified a still-forming galaxy that weighs about the same as our Milky Way if we could “wind back the clock” to weigh our galaxy as it developed. The newly identified galaxy, the Firefly Sparkle, is in the process of assembling and forming stars, and existed about 600 million years after the big bang.

The galaxy is stretched and warped due to a natural effect known as gravitational lensing, which allowed researchers to glean far more information about its contents. (In some areas of Webb’s image, the galaxy is magnified over 40 times.)

While it took shape, the galaxy gleamed with star clusters in a range of infrared colors, which are scientifically meaningful. They indicate that the stars formed at different periods, not all at once.

“I didn’t think it would be possible to resolve a galaxy that existed so early in the universe into so many distinct components, let alone discover a Milky Way-mass galaxy in the process of forming,” said Lamiya Mowla, the lead author and an assistant professor at Wellesley College in Massachusetts.

Since the galaxy is stretched into a long line in Webb’s observations, the researchers were able to identify 10 distinct star clusters and study them individually, along with the cocoon of diffuse light from the additional, unresolved stars surrounding them. That’s not always possible...

Read more:

https://scitechdaily.com/a-stellar-explosion-650-million-light-years-away-captured-by-hubble/

➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone · January 12

Space photo of the week: The tilted spiral galaxy that took Hubble 23 years to capture

By Jamie Carter 7 hours ago

In this special Hubble image 23 years in the making, the sparkling spiral galaxy UGC 10043 reveals the secrets of its unusually big bulge.

Why it's so special: This image of a spiral galaxy taken by the Hubble Space Telescope is a portrait more than two decades in the making.

Like most full-color images of space objects, it's a composite of images taken in different wavelengths of light. What sets this image apart, however, is that the data used to create it was collected during observation sessions in 2000 and 2023 — 23 years apart. That's one advantage of having a space telescope in orbit for so long: Hubble was launched from the space shuttle Discovery on April 24, 1990, and its long service has enabled it to capture a huge amount of data about every corner of the cosmos.

https://www.livescience.com/space/astronomy/space-photo-of-the-week-the-tilted-spiral-galaxy-that-took-hubble-23-years-to-capture

Edited January 12 by ➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone

➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone · January 13

Hubble Reveals Surprising Spiral Shape of Galaxy Hosting Young Jet

January 13, 2025 10:15AM (EST)Release ID: 2025-004

Summary

Astronomers are now rethinking the underlying trigger of quasar jets.

Following up on the groundbreaking 2020 discovery of newborn jets in a number of quasars, the Hubble Space Telescope has revealed one of the quasar host galaxies to have a spiral shape, defying expectations. It has been thought that quasar jets are triggered by galaxy mergers, but an intact spiral, unperturbed by merger, contradicts this and opens up new questions as to what may have set off the jets.

Full Article:

https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2025/news-2025-004

➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone · January 13

NASA's Hubble Tracks Down a 'Blue Lurker' Among Stars

January 13, 2025 2:15PM (EST)Release ID: 2025-002

Summary

A Triple Star System Yields an Unusual Surviving Star

Our sun is a lonely star. At least half the stars in our galaxy have binary companions. This was nicely illustrated in the Star Wars movie trilogy where Luke Skywalker watched two suns set on the horizon as seen from his home planet Tatooine. Now imagine three suns in the sky! This is the story for a system that once contained three co-orbiting stars. Forensics with Hubble data show that the stars have had a tumultuous life. Two of the stars merged about 500 million years ago to make a more massive star. It eventually burned out and collapsed to an unusually massive white dwarf. The bystander to this mayhem is the once third member of the system. It siphoned material from the merged companion star to gain a new lease on life by becoming more massive and bright. But, now it is lonely, orbiting a dead star. Hubble discovered that the surviving star has an unusually fast spin rate that can only be explained if it was feeding off of the gas expelled by the stellar merger.

Full Article:

https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2025/news-2025-002

“Evolution of ‘Blue Lurker’ Star System - Artist’s Concept."

The top left image shows a large circular path of a star surrounding a small circular path of two rotating stars. The top middle box shows two stars rotating around each other, shown with blue streaks, and a third star is in the distance. The top right box shows a large fiery orange star with a feeding line to another distant star. The bottom left box shows a small yellow star on a black background surrounded by a faint red ring of gas. The bottom middle box shows the yellow star with a white box around it. Lines lead from this small box to the bottom right panel, showing a large fiery yellow star.

➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone · January 13

Webb Watches Carbon-Rich Dust Shells Form, Expand in Star System

January 13, 2025 2:15PM (EST) Release ID: 2025-103

A portion of Webb’s 2023 observation of Wolf-Rayet 140. A bright white hexagon is toward the bottom left-center. This is the two stars. Blue diffraction spikes point diagonally toward 8, 11, and 1 o’clock. Surrounding the central light are a series of regularly spaced rings. A segment of each of the rings at around 2 o’clock appears brighter. These bright patches form a line that travels to the upper right. A few blue background dots are on the black background of space.

Summary

The telescope shows that the winds of two massive stars are producing carbon-rich dust, which may eventually “seed” new stars and planets.

How are the elements like carbon produced and spread across space? Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope have identified two stars responsible for generating carbon-rich dust a mere 5,000 light-years away in our own Milky Way galaxy. As the massive stars in Wolf-Rayet 140 swing past one another on their elongated orbits, their winds collide and produce carbon-rich dust. For a few months every eight years, the stars form a new shell of dust that expands outward — and may eventually go on to become part of stars that form elsewhere in our galaxy.

Webb’s mid-infrared light observations show 17 irregular shells around these stars — but many more may have dissipated and thousands more will be created. These findings offer definitive clues about carbon’s beginnings that may help the astronomy community unwind how elements go on to form new stars and planets.

Full Article:

https://webbtelescope.org/contents/news-releases/2025/news-2025-103

(There is a video link as well.)

➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone · January 14

NASA's Webb Reveals Intricate Layers of Interstellar Dust and Gas

January 14, 2025 2:15PM (EST)Release ID: 2025-102

Summary

A supernova flashbulb illuminated otherwise unseen material between the stars.

The space between the stars is filled with gas and dust – sometimes thick, sometimes thin, and often invisible unless illuminated. A cosmic spotlight in the form of a supernova flash has lit up interstellar material in the constellation of Cassiopeia. NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope is showing astronomers new details including knots, sheets, and clouds that are likely sculpted by magnetic fields.

Full Article:

https://webbtelescope.org/contents/news-releases/2025/news-2025-102

[There is also a 10sec Video link]

Pic Description:

A few dozen white stars, some with Webb’s signature 8-point diffraction spikes, on the black background of space. Tightly packed, red-orange filaments extend horizontally from upper left to lower right, with a bulging upward curve on the right that is closer to the top. The filaments resemble wood grain.

Webb Watches Carbon-Rich Dust Shells Form, Expand in Star System...

➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone · January 14

[PS: New Acronym: RUBIES

Red Unknowns: Bright Infrared Extragalactic Survey]

Newfound Galaxy Class May Indicate Early Black Hole Growth, Webb Finds

January 14, 2025 10:15AM (EST)Release ID: 2025-101

Summary

Scientists compile large sample of an unusual class of objects in an effort to connect the dots to the early universe.

Soon after the start of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s science operations, astronomers noticed something unexpected in the data: red objects that appear small on the sky, located in the distant, young universe. Come to be known as “little red dots” (LRDs), this intriguing class of objects is not well understood at present, sparking new questions and prompting new theories about the processes that occurred in the early universe.

By combing through publicly available Webb datasets, a team of astronomers has recently assembled one of the largest samples of LRDs to date, nearly all of which existed during the first 1.5 billion years after the big bang. They concluded that a large fraction of the LRDs in their sample likely are galaxies with growing black holes at their centers...

Curiouser and Curiouser

There is still a lot up for debate as LRDs seem to evoke even more questions...

Full Article:

https://webbtelescope.org/contents/news-releases/2025/news-2025-101

Pic Description

A team of astronomers sifted through James Webb Space Telescope data from multiple surveys to compile one of the largest samples of “little red dots” (LRDs) to date. The team started with the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey before widening their scope to other extragalactic legacy fields, including the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) and the Next Generation Deep Extragalactic Exploratory Public (NGDEEP) survey.

From their sample, they found that these mysterious red objects that appear small on the sky emerge in large numbers around 600 million years after the big bang and undergo a rapid decline in quantity around 1.5 billion years after the big bang. Spectroscopic data of some of the LRDs in their sample, provided by the Red Unknowns: Bright Infrared Extragalactic Survey (RUBIES), suggests that many are accreting black holes. However, further study of these intriguing objects is required.

Edited January 14 by ➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone

➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone · January 15

NASA Celebrates Edwin Hubble's Discovery of a New Universe

January 15, 2025 10:15AM (EST)Release ID: 2025-001

Summary

Pinpointing a Milepost Marker Star that Opened the Realm of Galaxies

Astronomers were befuddled at the beginning of the 20th century. The nighttime sky was littered with at least 110 nebulous objects first cataloged by French astronomer Charles Messier in the late 1700s. Most were identified as star clusters, nebulae, supernova remnants, and vast clumps of glowing gases.

But 40 of the objects were mysterious whirlpools on the sky collectively called the realm of the spiral nebulae. Unlike the other Messier objects, they were all scattered across the sky. To compound the confusion astronomer Vesto Slipher used spectroscopy to discover that the light from all of the spiral nebulae was redshifted, leading to the puzzling interpretation they all were moving away from us.

Edwin Hubble thought that the spiral nebulae were extragalactic because they were not constricted to the plane of our galaxy...

He discovered that the universe was much larger than some imagined by determining Andromeda was over 2 million light-years away, or 20 times our Milky Way's diameter. This was accomplished 100 years ago. It marked an intellectual phase transition in human knowledge by unveiling a mind-numbing scale of a universe full of external galaxies...

Full Article:

https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2025/news-2025-001

Pic Description

In commemoration of Edwin Hubble's discovery of a Cepheid variable class star, called V1, in the neighboring Andromeda galaxy 100 years ago, astronomers partnered with the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) to study the star. AAVSO observers followed V1 for six months, producing a plot, or light curve, of the rhythmic rise and fall of the star's light. Based on this data, the Hubble Space Telescope was scheduled to capture the star at its dimmest and brightest light. Edwin Hubble's observations of V1 became the critical first step in uncovering a larger, grander universe than some astronomers imagined at the time. Once dismissed as a nearby "spiral nebula" measurements of Andromeda with its embedded Cepheid star served as a stellar milepost marker. It definitively showed that Andromeda was far outside of our Milky Way. Edwin Hubble went on to measure the distances to many galaxies beyond the Milky Way by finding Cepheid variables within those levels. The velocities of those galaxies, in turn, allowed him to determine that the universe is expanding.

➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone · January 16

NASA's Hubble Traces Hidden History of Andromeda Galaxy

Release date: Thursday, January 16, 2025 2:15:00 PM

Panorama of Nearest Galaxy Unveils Hundreds of Millions of Stars

Summary

On a chilly, crystal-clear autumn night you can see the farthest object visible in the universe without the aid of a telescope or binoculars. Just to the northeast of the Great Square of Pegasus, it appears as a spindle-shaped patch of haze with a bright center. It is the nearest galaxy to our Milky Way, the magnificent Andromeda galaxy. The faint light you are seeing left the spiral galaxy 2.5 million years ago to cross the immense gulf in intergalactic space toward Earth...

Full Article:

https://www.stsci.edu/contents/news-releases/2025/news-2025-005.html#section-id-3

{2 min video pan in article

750MB Hi Res pic available for DL}

Pic Description

This is the largest photomosaic ever assembled from Hubble Space Telescope observations. It is a panoramic view of the neighboring Andromeda galaxy, located 2.5 million light-years away. It took over 10 years to make this vast and colorful portrait of the galaxy, requiring over 600 Hubble overlapping snapshots that were challenging to stitch together. The galaxy is so close to us, that in angular size it is six times the apparent diameter of the full Moon, and can be seen with the unaided eye. For Hubble's pinpoint view, that's a lot of celestial real estate to cover. This stunning, colorful mosaic captures the glow of 200 million stars. That's still a fraction of Andromeda's population. And the stars are spread across about 2.5 billion pixels. The detailed look at the resolved stars will help astronomers piece together the galaxy's past history that includes mergers with smaller satellite galaxies.

Edited January 16 by ➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone

➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone · January 16

PS I'm having trouble uploading the mosaic. Even the Lo-Res one is massive...

I'm trying to down size the Lo-Res pic... lol

Edited January 16 by ➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone

➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone · January 16

Try #7 (or 8. I forget)

I had to cut the ends off. This is about 60% of the original Lo-Res pic.

Edited January 16 by ➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone

➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone · January 17

This Tiny Galaxy Is Answering Some Big Questions

January 16, 2025 2:15PM (EST)Release ID: 2025-401

Summary:

Researchers used the James Webb Space Telescope to reveal patterns of star formation in an isolated dwarf galaxy.

Sometimes little galaxies hold big clues to star formation over cosmic time. An STScI-led team of astronomers has used the James Webb Space Telescope to study Leo P, a dwarf galaxy located about 5.3 million light years from Earth that was discovered in 2013. Leo P is relatively isolated from other, larger galaxies like the Milky Way and Andromeda, which means it has been unaffected by their influence.

The team found that Leo P formed stars early on but then stopped making them shortly after a period known as the Epoch of Reionization, which brought an end to the universe’s “dark ages.” After a few billion years, the galaxy reignited and started forming new stars again. This is unusual because most dwarf galaxies whose star formation shut down never restarted.

Full Article:

https://www.stsci.edu/contents/news-releases/2025/news-2025-401

Pic Description

Image of dwarf galaxy Leo P captured by Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera), with compass arrows, scale bar, and color key for reference.

The north and east compass arrows show the orientation of the image on the sky. Note that the relationship between north and east on the sky (as seen from below) is flipped relative to direction arrows on a map of the ground (as seen from above).

The scale bar is labeled in light-years, which is the distance that light travels in one Earth-year...

Witness1970 · January 24

Stars create the elements required for life. Supernova eruptions spew these elements into space, seeding galaxies with the raw materials to form new stars and planets. “As citizens of the universe, it’s important we understand this fundamental process that makes our place in the universe possible,” says Purdue University astronomer Danny Milisavljevic, who led the team behind the JWST images.

Astronomer and famed science communicator (and one of my personal favorite humans) Carl Sagan famously said that "we are made of star stuff." Elements flung out into the dark reaches of space by dying stars in the early universe coalesced into the disk of dust and debris that formed our solar system, and that eventually formed us. Without the violent death of stars, we would not exist.

Edited January 24 by Witness1970
Added 2nd paragraph

➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone · January 24

[Some nice Gif's & video clios in article]

3 years of James Webb Space Telescope data on alien worlds now available online

By Robert Lea published 4 hours ago

"The James Webb Space Telescope has been truly revolutionary- it is now hard to imagine what life was like without it..."

James Webb Space Telescope exoplanet science by the numbers

According to the dashboard, as of January 2025, the JWST has observed about 111 planets thus far, with plans already in place to observe about 17 others. Of this total, around 113 are transiting planets, which cross the face of their star directly between it and Earth...

JWST exoplanet breakthroughs are a bonus

All this JWST exoplanet science is brilliant, but it didn't have to be this way. The JWST wasn't actually designed to study exoplanets. Its capabilities beyond observing the early and distant universe have been something of a pleasant surprise to scientists.

"JWST's primary goal was to characterize distant galaxies!" Lothringer said. "But it turns out that the same sort of telescope that is good at finding distant galaxies is also exactly what we needed to characterize the atmospheres of distant exoplanets."

https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-3-years-exoplanet

Witness1970 · January 25

23 hours ago, Witness1970 said:

Stars create the elements required for life. Supernova eruptions spew these elements into space, seeding galaxies with the raw materials to form new stars and planets. “As citizens of the universe, it’s important we understand this fundamental process that makes our place in the universe possible,” says Purdue University astronomer Danny Milisavljevic, who led the team behind the JWST images.

Astronomer and famed science communicator (and one of my personal favorite humans) Carl Sagan famously said that "we are made of star stuff." Elements flung out into the dark reaches of space by dying stars in the early universe coalesced into the disk of dust and debris that formed our solar system, and that eventually formed us. Without the violent death of stars, we would not exist.

That was a quote. Carl Sagan is not " one of my personal favorite humans." I simply quoted the article. I just wanted to clarify that.

➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone · January 29

Surprise! No longer there ―

James Webb looks for the Pillars of Creation

by Sanusha S. January 28, 2025

500 years more before the Pillars of Creation disappear

There is no consensus among astronomers regarding the future of the Pillars of Creation. While some stipulate that a supernova shock wave may have eliminated the Pillars about 6,000 light years ago, others believe they are slowly being eroded by ultraviolet radiation and stellar winds from nearby stars. Regardless of their fate, Earth-based observers still have about 500 years of enjoyment with these cosmic formations before they can no longer see them...

...The Pillars of Creation are tremendous in size and splendor. Still, scientists believe they were most likely obliterated by a supernova many years ago (just like this star-killing monster), although the light from that event has not yet reached Earth...

Interestingly, the James Webb Space Telescope images of the Pillars show several galaxies in the background. That is because the dense interstellar medium of the disk of our Milky Way obstructs our view of the deeper universe. This also enables scientists to study the intricacies of galactic dynamics.

https://www.ecoticias.com/en/james-webb-look-for-pillars-of-creation/10868/

Dustparticle · January 29

Here some latest news

https://www.techno-science.net/en/news/james-webb-telescope-reveals-impressive-rings-of-life-in-our-galaxy-N26402.html

https://www.floridatoday.com/picture-gallery/tech/science/space/2025/01/28/james-webb-telescope-unveils-awe-of-the-heavens/77995309007/

https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-overlymassive-black-holes

cme · January 29

Who will not Laud You oh Jehovah!

➕👇 ꓤꓱꓷꓠꓵ🎵Tone · February 3

James Webb and Hubble telescopes unite to solve 'impossible' planet mystery

By Jamie Carter published 11 hours ago

New James Webb Space Telescope observations of a star cluster called NGC 346 are shedding light on how, when and where planets formed in the early universe.

This James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) image has helped astronomers untangle a long-standing mystery about how planets form. The mystery arose more than 20 years ago, when the Hubble Space Telescope spotted the universe's oldest known planet, which formed earlier in the universe's history than scientists thought was possible.

Stars form in large clouds of gas and dust called molecular clouds. Any remaining gas and dust gather in disks around the stars. Planets, in turn, form from these disks. Scientists believed that early stars didn't have planets because there was a lack of heavier elements, such as carbon and iron, which are created by stars' nuclear fusion and supernova deaths. They thought that these heavier elements were essential for planet-forming disks to exist long enough for planets to form.

[Nice Video in article as well]

https://www.livescience.com/space/astronomy/space-photo-of-the-week-james-webb-and-hubble-telescopes-unite-to-solve-impossible-planet-mystery

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