Covid-19 Vaccine Research, Development, Ingredients and Reactions

[Sofia]

1 hour ago, AH173 said:

What about the 'Big bone' ones of us like me? 

 

Will I have more big boned memory in my marrow? 

😃

 

I guess… 😉

[Lee49]

https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2021/08/16/covid-booster-shots-vaccination-united-states-biden-administration/8160915002/

 

Biden administration expected to recommend COVID booster shots for all Americans amid case surge

 

Biden administration health officials are expected to recommend COVID-19 booster shots for all Americans, regardless of age, eight months after they received the second shot, a source familiar with the plans confirmed to USA TODAY. 

The news, which will be announced as soon as this week, comes as the delta variant rages across the country. It also comes amid anxieties about the Pfizer vaccine's waning immunity and the Food and Drug Administration's approval of booster vaccines for immunocompromised people. 

[Sofia]

How to measure REAL imunity to Sars Cov 2?

Measuring T-Cells.

Here´s the process:

1. A blood sample is collected using routine phlebotomy and a standard blood collection tube from which a subset of white blood cells, known as peripheral blood mononuclear cells, are isolated. The cells are washed, counted and normalized to create a standard cell suspension.

2. A standard number of cells are added into specially designed plates and stimulated with antigens specific to the disease under study. Cells responding to these antigens release a chemical messenger known as a cytokine.

3. Cytokine antibodies are used to directly capture the cytokine as it is released by the cells. A secondary labeled antibody is added and binds to the captured cytokine.

4. A detection reagent is added and reacts with the secondary labeled antibody. This reaction produces spots, which are a footprint of where the cytokine was released. Spots are then enumerated.

 

The typical methods of detecting T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 require expensive, multi-step sample preparation and in vitro T cell stimulation using methods that have not yet been standardized and require highly specialized laboratories. These techniques involve drawing relatively large amounts of blood, isolating T cells from the collected blood, stimulating the isolated T cells with SARS-CoV-2 peptides in tissue culture, and finally analyzing the cultured T cells using sophisticated assays. In the most common technique, called intracytoplasmic cytokine staining (ICS) the analysis instrument is called a multi-parameter flow cytometer.

 

 

No wonder Governments prefer something that measures ANTIBODIES instead. This method is reliable but too expensive and too time consuming. Not practical to use in every person!

 

I hope you all understand why governments insist on vaccine boosts. To boost antibodies. Instead of measuring T cells!!

 

Too much vaccinations against SARS can be harmful causing auto imune disease.

We definatly need the Kingdom! Please let it come!!

 

 

 

here´s more on this:

 

https://www.technologynetworks.com/diagnostics/blog/a-skin-test-to-measure-t-cell-immunity-to-sars-cov-2-347298

Edited August 17, 2021 by Sofia

[Sofia]

Oral bacteria combined with an intranasal vaccine protect from influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The results reveal the role of nasal bacteria in the induction of virus-specific adaptive immunity

 

Source: https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/mBio.01598-21

[Sofia]

Clear and compelling arguments for why using vaccines to deliver focused protection and allowing natural immunity to do the rest provides a robust and sustainable solution. ⁦
 

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-58270098.amp

[Shawnster]

What are the disadvantages or dangers if any to getting a covid booster this December? 

[vern]

Auto immune...

[Tbs77]

U.S. FDA aims to give full approval to Pfizer vaccine on Monday -NYT

https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/us-fda-aims-give-full-nod-pfizers-covid-19-vaccine-monday-new-york-times-2021-08-20/

Next week can be a game changer as some may have to deal with the decisions persons make regarding vaccine if employers may mandate shots in US


Little Caesar - cities/towns/municipalities
Medium Caesar - State/counties
Big Caesar- Federal

Thoughts on Caesar hierarchy regarding potential vaccine mandate?

[vern]

Funny....

 

They first said a certian percentage of vaccine and immunity from having it.for heard immunity.... Doesn.t need to be 100 %.

 

Now they want to mandate and force....

 

Many medically shouldn.t be taking it...

 

I don.t want that vaccine in me.  The last vaccine i took was tetnus booster 13 years ago.. Made my mental stuff flare up for several years... I.m in a good place now... No more vaccines...  I.ll take my chances... Rather die of covid and be a unvax outcaste then live with mental health symptoms again.

 

 

 

[lord-360]

1 hour ago, Shawnster said:

What are the disadvantages or dangers if any to getting a covid booster this December? 

From what I've read they are still gathering information for the booster. Seems like if you were at risk for the severe side effects like myocarditis you would speak with your doctor first. For others it seems like it'll react like the second shot. We'll find out for sure in the coming weeks.

[Sofia]

7 hours ago, vern said:

Auto immune...

Exatly

7 hours ago, Shawnster said:

What are the disadvantages or dangers if any to getting a covid booster this December? 

A sister from our old congregation has LUPUS an auto imune condition 

she almost died with jab

hospitalized for a few days

[Shawnster]

1 hour ago, Sofia said:

 

A sister from our old congregation has LUPUS an auto imune condition 

she almost died with jab

hospitalized for a few days

I do not understand how this answers my question. Could you please explain in more detail the positive or negative results of getting a 3rd shot or coronavirus booster since, in your observation, such a booster is not necessary? 

[rocket]

My son of whom had a kidney and pancreas transplant some 10 years ago got notice to go get his third covid jab. Anyone who's had a transplant has a reduced immune system caused by anti-rejection drugs. Anyone with a compromised immune system the vaccine is less effective and protection doesn't last as long. So far my son has not had any bad reactions to the vaccine.

[Sofia]

2 hours ago, Shawnster said:

I do not understand how this answers my question. Could you please explain in more detail the positive or negative results of getting a 3rd shot or coronavirus booster since, in your observation, such a booster is not necessary? 

It aggravates auto imune disease or can trigger auto immune diseases or auto imune reations

[AH173]

5 hours ago, rocket said:

My son of whom had a kidney and pancreas transplant some 10 years ago got notice to go get his third covid jab. Anyone who's had a transplant has a reduced immune system caused by anti-rejection drugs. Anyone with a compromised immune system the vaccine is less effective and protection doesn't last as long. So far my son has not had any bad reactions to the vaccine.

Bro. Lynn, thanks for this information. Have you any information on how situations like this what efficacy of the vaccine the 2 dose put ones like this at and after 3 doses will it get up to 90 + efficacy in these type of conditions?

 

I don't think I have heard of it before. But since you may have some experience in this can you share the information?

 

Thanks

[rocket]

I don't think it will ever get up to 90% efficacy for the immune compromised but I'm not a doctor.

[Mykyl]

10 hours ago, Sofia said:

Exatly

A sister from our old congregation has LUPUS an auto imune condition 

she almost died with jab

hospitalized for a few days

My neighbour has lupus and no bad reaction with the vaccine. She has been very ill with lupus itself. Your comment reminded me that she said that she had no bad reaction.  She has numerous medical issues as well. 

Edited August 22, 2021 by Mykyl

[trottigy]

Quote

The Food and Drug Administration on Monday granted full approval to Pfizer-BioNTech’s coronavirus vaccine for people 16 and older, making it the first to move beyond emergency use status in the United States.

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/23/us/politics/fda-approval-pfizer-vaccine.html

 

Now, why is that an politics section and not on the science/ medical section?

[pnutts]

On 8/21/2021 at 11:22 PM, Tbs77 said:

U.S. FDA aims to give full approval to Pfizer vaccine on Monday -NYT

Apparently in Canada it took much longer for the decision to jab with Pfizer, but when OK given it was not experimental, but full approval.

[Sofia]

On 8/22/2021 at 9:59 PM, Mykyl said:

My neighbour has lupus and no bad reaction with the vaccine. She has been very ill with lupus itself. Your comment reminded me that she said that she had no bad reaction.  She has numerous medical issues as well. 

I’m so happy

this is a reminder that the covid it self is the unique reaction of humans imune system to the coronavirus or parts of it

even a vaccine can trigger a unique bad response 

 

or not

some have no reactions

no bad symptoms 

 

it all depends on it’s genetics and past viral infections 

 

[Sofia]

On 8/22/2021 at 9:59 PM, Mykyl said:

My neighbour has lupus and no bad reaction with the vaccine. She has been very ill with lupus itself. Your comment reminded me that she said that she had no bad reaction.  She has numerous medical issues as well. 

Also never forget… scientists say that at least in the Pfizer jab at least 5% spoilage is expected.

some may get spoiled vaccines without knowing it

why? Do to refrigeration relaxing measure

how do you know? By all means do a antibodies test a month after taking the jab

[Sofia]

Understanding Delta’s success

Delta ‘s transmissibility seems to be linked to shorter incubation periods and a longer time-window during which people are highly infectious but have not yet developed symptoms. Laboratory studies suggest that a particular mutation in the spike protein helps to increase the speed at which Delta can infect cells.

Autoantibodies in severe COVID?

Severe COVID-19 does not result from viral infection per se but rather from an autoimmune attack of the lung, according to a study. Higher levels of antibodies against Annexin A2 (a protein on our cell membrane) were found among COVID-19 patients who died. These antibodies may be responsible for lung blood clots, edema and acute respiratory distress in severe COVID-19.

More on risk factors

A large study of almost 220,000 individuals admitted to hospital in South Africa indicates an increased risk of dying from COVID-19 among people with HIV (particularly those not on antiretroviral therapy) and tuberculosis.

Most young COVID-19 patients do not suffer from Long Covid, according to a UK smartphone survey of the parents of 1,700 patients aged 5-17: around 4% of children still had symptoms 28 days post-diagnosis and most recovered by day 56. 

Towards a universal coronavirus vaccine: SARS survivors who 17 years later received a COVID-19 vaccine make antibodies that can neutralize a wide range of SARS-CoV-2 variants and other related coronaviruses found in bats. Four antibodies isolated from convalescent donors during the first wave were also shown to be extremely potent in neutralising all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC). These findings may help design a universal coronavirus vaccine.

Treatment: what works and what doesn’t

Does

Treatment with REGENERON’s monoclonal antibody cocktail in household contacts of people with COVID-19 reduced by over 80% the risk of developing symptoms and reduced viral load and duration of symptoms in those who did, according to a Phase III trial. In fact, monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic treatment retain their ability to bind the prevalent viral mutants, effectively protecting against alpha B.1.1.7 and beta B.1.351 variants. And a trial in the UK shows that inhaled budesonide (an asthma treatment) improves time to recovery and may reduce hospitalisations in people at higher risk of severe disease.

Doesn’t

In contrast, treatment with a single dose of oral azithromycin did not reduce the risk of developing symptoms, and convalescent plasma did not slow disease progression in high-risk patients. And, according to a rigorous Cochrane review, there is no evidence that ivermectin works.

Maybe

The international SOLIDARITY trial, led by the WHO, will restart by testing three new drugs in hospitalised COVID-19 patients: the cancer drug imatinib, an anti-TNF antibody for rheumatoid arthritis (infliximab), and the antimalarial drug artesunate.

Vaccine effectiveness remains high

The largest study to date in the UK shows that two doses of COVID vaccine remains highly protective against disease by Delta, and that the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, though initially less effective, offers the same high protection as the Pfizer-BioNTech after four to five months. The authors conclude that, as long as protection against hospitalisation and death is maintained, booster vaccinations may not be needed, particularly since infection post-vaccination may provide a natural boost.

A study (not yet peer-reviewed) suggests that, even if infections with Delta do occur among fully vaccinated people, infectiousness is reduced. Despite similar viral loads, the probability of recovering infectious virus from fully vaccinated people was lower compared to unvaccinated individuals.

Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine remains 93% effective six months after the second dose and has an excellent safety and efficacy profile in adolescents aged 12-17.

Data from Israel show rising numbers of hospitalizations among vaccinated individuals, but these same data show that, after accounting for the vaccination rates and stratifying by age, the vaccines retain high efficacy (85%-95%) against severe disease.

World’s first DNA vaccine

India approves its first DNA vaccine against COVID-19 for emergency use. The three dose ZyCov-D vaccine prevented symptomatic disease in 66% of those vaccinated. The study included adolescents (12-18 years old) and was conducted at a time when Delta was dominant.

[Shawnster]

1 hour ago, Sofia said:

The authors conclude that, as long as protection against hospitalisation and death is maintained, booster vaccinations may not be needed, particularly since infection post-vaccination may provide a natural boost.

Then why is it important to get the annual influenza vaccine?  How is that different than a booster and why is that OK but an annual (or 8 month) covid booster unadvised?

[Sofia]

53 minutes ago, Shawnster said:

Then why is it important to get the annual influenza vaccine?  How is that different than a booster and why is that OK but an annual (or 8 month) covid booster unadvised?

Flu virus gives no protection for more than a year.

Flu virus changes it´s antigen outside every year.

 

Sars Cov 2 dont. Even with mild mutations, it´s still the same outside, same antigens.

Sars dont change so much. are more constant.

Flu virus change constantly.

Coronavirus infection may protect you for life. Even vaccines can protect you for undetermined time.

Flu is caused by flu virus. It´s not the imune reaction to flu that causes the symptons. It´s the virus itself.

 

Since COVID is the reaction of the imune system to the coronavirus, not the virus it self doing the damage, the more you boost your imune system, the more covid issues (unapparent even) can apear. Like a rust under the paint. it can corrupt your body without you notice until its too late. Awakening of dormant viruses; auto imune triggered reactions, etc... all it can happen if too much boosts for corona.

 

Flu and corona are sooooo totaly different viruses...

 

For a cleaver use of boosts, each human should be tested for antibodies prior a boost. If enough antibodies, ok. Then wait another 6 - 12 months. If no antibodies, by all means get the jab. Some jabs are spoiled. so many people have spoiled jabs due to frozen disruption while stored. We cant say if a particular vial is spoiled... impossible to say. only after a few weeks, if you have no antibodies from the jab. Then you see the jab was spoiled and worth nothing.

Edited August 24, 2021 by Sofia

[Sofia]

The immunity-after-Covid-infection studies

The following are some of the data and studies regarding immunity acquired after Covid infection.

Longitudinal analysis shows durable and broad immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection with persisting antibody responses and memory B and T cells, July 20, 2021

This study followed 254 Covid-19 patients for up to 8 months and concluded they had “durable broad-based immune responses.” In fact, even very mild Covid-19 infection also protected the patients from an earlier version of “SARS" coronavirus that first emerged around 2003, and against Covid-19 variants. “Taken together, these results suggest that broad and effective immunity may persist long-term in recovered COVID-19 patients,” concludes the study scientists.

Associations of Vaccination and of Prior Infection With Positive PCR Test Results for SARS-CoV-2 in Airline Passengers Arriving in Qatar, June 9, 2021 

This study of airline passengers in Qatar found that both vaccination and prior infection were “imperfect” when it comes to preventing positive Covid-19 test results, but that the incidence of reinfection is similarly low in both groups.

Necessity of COVID-19 vaccination in previously infected individuals, June 1, 2021

This study followed 52,238 employees of the Cleveland Clinic Health System in Ohio. 

For previously-infected people, the cumulative incidence of re-infection “remained almost zero.” According to the study, "Not one of the 1,359 previously infected subjects who remained unvaccinated had a [Covid-19] infection over the duration of the study” and vaccination did not reduce the risk. “Individuals who have had [Covid-19] infection are unlikely to benefit from COVID-19 vaccination,” concludes the study scientists.

SARS-CoV-2 specific memory B-cells from individuals with diverse disease severities recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, May 29, 2021

This study found strong immune signs in people who had previously been infected with Covid-19, including “those [who] experienced asymptomatic or mild disease.” The study concludes there is “reason for optimism” regarding the capacity of prior infection “to limit disease severity and transmission of variants of concern as they continue to arise and circulate.”

A population-based analysis of the longevity of SARS-CoV-2 antibody seropositivity in the United States, May 24, 2021

This study of real world data extended the timeframe of available data indicating that patients have strong immune indicators for “almost a year post-natural infection of COVID-19.” The study concludes the immune response after natural infection "may persist for longer than previously thought, thereby providing evidence of sustainability that may influence post-pandemic planning.”

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans, May 24, 2021

This study examined bone marrow of previously-infected patients and found that even mild infection with Covid-19 “induces robust antigen-specific, long-lived humoral immune memory in humans.” The study indicates "People who have had mild illness develop antibody-producing cells that can last lifetime.”

People who have had mild illness develop antibody-producing cells that can last lifetime.

World Health Organization (WHO) scientific brief, May 10, 2021

This scientific brief issued by WHO states that after natural infection with Covid-19, “available scientific data suggests that in most people immune responses remain robust and protective against reinfection for at least 6-8 months.”

Detection of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity in COVID-19 Convalescent Individuals, May 3, 2020

This study found humoral and cellular immunity in recovered Covid patients. "Production of S-RBD-specific antibodies were readily detected in recovered patients. Moreover, we observed virus-neutralization activities in these recovered patients," wrote the study authors.

The adaptive immune system consists of three major lymphocyte types: B cells (antibody producing cells), CD4⁺ T cells (helper T cells), and CD8⁺ T cells (cytotoxic, or killer, T cells

From: Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity